The Cycle of the Storm

For the past several weeks, and often within the course of a given week, the tone of news about the economy has been like a roller coaster. One week housing starts or corporate earnings are unexpectedly up. The public likes it, and so does Wall Street.

Yet another week a surprising uptick in jobless claims hits. The public turns pessimistic again and the Dow takes a dip. Then Chairman Bernanke says there are strong indications that the economy has bottomed.

So we’ve entered a period of mixed signals and ambiguous indicators. Think back to the first quarter of this year, and it shouldn’t be hard to see the difference. After a brief period of collective optimism as the new administration came took over, the stark realities of an incredible tsunami of layoffs set in. The stories seemed increasingly grim as we stumbled our way through a tough and frightening first quarter.

In keeping with the season, the green chutes stories started showing up in the spring, and early in the summer some of the bolder pundits were among the earliest to pronounce the recession dead.

Against the backdrop of the beginning of 2009, the current mixed signals seem, in contrast, to be a good sign. Recovery doesn’t happen all at once, so it stands to reason that at the beginning of a recovery the signals would be mixed.

Just as there was a succession to the tumbling of the various sectors--starting, of course, with the banks and the big investment houses--there will be a sequence to the recovery. The crisis began with the banks, and the recovery seems to be starting with the banks. There’s really an elegant symmetry to the whole thing. A line from Yeats, “A terrible beauty is born,” comes to mind.

Remember, the signals were also mixed at the beginning of the downturn. Through 2007 and the first three quarters of 2008, the picture was cloudy and confusing. Unemployment began to rise well before the Bear Sterns and Lehman collapses. There were plenty of signs early on that something was amiss with the economy, but most people didn’t really have a clue what was coming.

There were recurring stories in the news about the subprime mortgage crisis, but people were too distracted by the noise of the energy-price crisis. But the true crisis, already well into its formation behind the scenes, wasn’t about energy at all.

Most people who were starting to feel the pinch of a nascent downturn thought it was all about the gas, until the collapse of the big financial firms in the fall of 2008 brought on a storm of a magnitude that no one was expecting. It was an economic equivalent of getting caught off-guard by hurricane Katrina. Few knew how serious the economic storm would actually be, so most of us were unprepared.

Indeed, one could say that the life cycle of a recession is like unto the life cycle of a hurricane. There is a period of gathering clouds, when no one is sure what course the storm will take and how much strength it will gather at sea before making landfall. This was 2007 and most of 2008. Especially given the behavior of the stock market, it would have been just as easy for the casual observer, entering 2008, to conclude that another boom could be in the making rather than a astronomical bust.

But then the storm struck in all of its wrathful, furious glory, leaving an immediate trail of astonishing devastation. This was the fall of 2008.

Then we went “into the eye,” a period of deceptive calm that gives few warnings of the fury that is still to come. This was the period from around just before the election through shortly after President Obama’s inauguration.

Once we were out of the eye, a second wave of fury ensued with the staggering tumult of job cuts as companies were forced to deal with decapitated credit lines, dreadful year-end results, and abysmal first-quarter forecasts.

In the spring the clouds showed some signs of breaking up and the storm signs of weakening. And through the summer bursts of sunlight have begun to show through gaps in the cloud cover. Is it time to send a bird out of the ark to see if it brings back a sprig of leaves?

Let’s just hope, to follow the metaphor through, that this is the end of the current hurricane season, and that there isn’t a Rita building strength in the tropics to unleash a second wave of fury after the economic Katrina. Sphere: Related Content

The Undismal Weekly Wrapup - July 12-18, 2009

Analytical Summaries of Key Stories of the Week on Economics and Public Policy

Interesting week, with major themes focusing on cautious optimism on signs of recovery (but with a tone of expectations management on its pace) and next moves for the Fed.

America Needs a National Manufacturing Policy. Now. (Huffington Post)
In a guest column for the Huffington Post, Sen. Sherrod Brown (D-Ohio), Chairman of the Senate Banking Subcommittee on Economic Policy, points to the pivotal role of the declining manufacturing base in the U.S. in the current plight of the middle class, and argues for an urgent need for “a national plan … that aligns federal actions with the goal of strengthening our manufacturing sector.”

Experts Tell Congress to Lay Off the Fed (Wall Street Journal)
David Wessel of the Wall Street Journal reports that 250 noted economists, including Robert Shiller, have urged congress not to cave in to pressure to intervene in the Fed’s policy making efforts, driven by critics of the central bank. They also caution that efforts currently under discussion to revisit the Fed’s powers and governance structure could backfire.

Geithner Says Global Economy Faces Recovery Setbacks (Bloomberg)
Speaking in Saudi Arabia, U.S. Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner cautions that the recovery of the global economy is likely to be gradual with a higher than normal share of temporary fluctuations and reversals, due to such factors as wealth lost during the crisis and the heavy increase in public debt, according to this report for Bloomberg from Rebecca Christie.

McCulley Says Fed Needs To ‘Be Irresponsible’ If Prices Tumble (Bloomberg)
Dakin Campbell reports for Bloomberg on advice to the Fed from Paul McCulley of Pacific Investment Management Co., who argues that, if the U.S. economy falls into a protracted slump similar in character to Japan’s lengthy recession, the central bank may need to initiate radical interventions that set aside the normal context of keeping inflation within a targeted level.

Paulson Defends His Response to Economic Crisis (Associated Press)
Responding to the substantial second-guessing of the Bush administration’s responses to the economic crisis toward the end of 2008, former Treasury Secretary Henry Paulson contends, according to this report from AP’s Ann Flaherty, that the actions prevented suffering of a “far more profound and disturbing level.”

Summers: Economy Has Moved Back from Catastrophe (Associated Press)
Obama economic advisor Larry Summers makes a case, as reported by AP’s Jim Kuhnhenn, for cautious optimism -- based on several indicators, including a decrease in public gloom evidenced by declining Google searches for the phrase “economic depression,” a slower pace of economic contraction, improving consumer confidence, and stronger quarterly earnings reports.
Sphere: Related Content

Experts Say Jumping the Gun on Layoffs Could Hurt Companies During Recovery

Like cutting marketing budgets, layoffs are one of the most common, immediate responses of businesses to an economic downturn. The negative impact on companies of reducing marketing budgets during a recession has been well documented in the business literature. And now, experts are weighing in with assessments that workforce reductions, too, may do companies more harm than good.

Quoted in an April 7 story from the Associated Press (AP), University of Central Florida economics professor Sean Snaith, who also heads the Institute for Economic Competitiveness at the university, cautioned that workforce reductions during the recession could handicap the ability of companies to benefit from the recovery once it begins.

The AP story also reports that, although more than 70 percent of companies have resorted to layoffs during the current recession, more companies than in the past are pursuing alternative cost-saving measures due to the known negative impacts of layoffs.

Among examples cited in the AP story of companies that are avoiding layoffs is Costco Wholesale Corp. (NASDAQ:COST) which, in spite of a more than 25 percent decline in profits, has not pink-slipped any permanent employees. Sphere: Related Content